Installation d’une machine de dev Ubuntu

Ce que l’on va installer

• Git
• zsh
• oh-my-zsh
• Volta et node
• GitHub CLI
• pnpm
• docker

Git

Dans un terminal :

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

Configuration recommandée pour git :

[user]
  email = prenom.nom@interieur.gouv.fr # À changer!
  name = Prénom Nom                    # À changer!
[alias]
  aliases = !git config --get-regexp alias | sed -re 's/alias\\.(\\S*)\\s(.*)$/\\1 = \\2/g'
  ap = add -p
  br = branch
  bv = "br -vv"
  cb = "rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD" # *c*urrent *b*ranch
  ci = commit
  co = checkout
  cm = commit -m
  df = diff
  ds = diff --staged
  h = log --format='%C(yellow)%h%Creset %C(red)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(blue)<%an>%Creset' --graph
  last = !git --no-pager log -1 -p --stat HEAD
  l = log --graph --date=relative --pretty=tformat:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(auto)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%an %ad)%Creset'
  lg = log --oneline --decorate --graph
  oops = commit --amend
  oopn = commit --amend --no-edit
  pf = push --force-with-lease
  sre = "!f() { git log -S$1 --pickaxe-regex ; }; f"
  st = status
  sw = switch
  s = switch
  sc = "switch -c"
  # Undo last commit but keep changed files in stage
  uncommit = reset --soft HEAD~1
  unstage = reset HEAD
  us = unstage
  untrack = rm --cache --
  root = rev-parse --show-toplevel
  cp = cherry-pick
  cpn = cherry-pick -n
  find = lg --grep
  review-local = "!git lg @{push}.."
  rs = restore --staged
  r = restore
[push]
  default = simple
[status]
  showUntrackedFiles = all
  short = true
[diff]
  # Use better, descriptive initials (c, i, w) instead of a/b.
  mnemonicPrefix = true
  # Show renames/moves as such
  renames = true
  tool = vscode
  wordRegex = .
[difftool "vscode"] # Utiliser vscode pour voir les différences entre des fichiers
  cmd = code --wait --diff $LOCAL $REMOTE
[branch] # Utiliser rebase au lieu de merge en tant que deuxième action de git pull
  autosetuprebase = always
  rebase = preserve
[credential]
  helper = cache --timeout=3600
[color]
  ui = auto
[rerere]
  enabled = true
[core]
  pager = less -Fr
  editor = code --wait
[init]
  defaultBranch = main
[fetch]
  prune = true
[grep]
  break = true
  heading = true
  lineNumber = true
  # Consider most regexes to be ERE
  extendedRegexp = true
[log]
  abbrevCommit = true
  # Automatically --follow when given a single path
  follow = true
[merge]
  # Display common-ancestor blocks in conflict hunks
  # conflictStyle = diff3
  # Disable fast-forward merges as default merge strategy.
  # Force explicit call of `git merge --ff …`.
  ff = false
[mergetool]
  # Clean up backup files created by merge tools on tool exit
  keepBackup = false
  # Clean up temp files created by merge tools on tool exit
  keepTemporaries = false
  # Put the temp files in a dedicated dir anyway
  writeToTemp = true
  # Auto-accept file prompts when launching merge tools
  prompt = false
[push]
  followTags = true # Envoyer les tags signés au push
[color "branch"]
  # Blue on black is hard to read in git branch -vv: use cyan instead
  upstream = cyan
[tag]
  # Sort tags as version numbers whenever applicable, so 1.10.2 is AFTER 1.2.0.
  sort = version:refname

ZSH

Installer zsh

sudo apt install zsh
chsh -s $(which zsh)

oh-my-zsh

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

Autres configurations

Mettre ce contenu dans ~/.zshrc

# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.
# export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH

# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
export ZSH="${HOME}/.oh-my-zsh"

# Enable Powerlevel10k instant prompt. Should stay close to the top of ~/.zshrc.
# Initialization code that may require console input (password prompts, [y/n]
# confirmations, etc.) must go above this block; everything else may go below.
if test -n "${USE_P10K-}"; then
  if [[ -r "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" ]]; then
    source "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh"
  fi
  ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
else
  # Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will
  # load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case,
  # to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME
  # See https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes
  ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
fi

# Set list of themes to pick from when loading at random
# Setting this variable when ZSH_THEME=random will cause zsh to load
# a theme from this variable instead of looking in $ZSH/themes/
# If set to an empty array, this variable will have no effect.
# ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" )

# Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
# CASE_SENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion.
# Case-sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks.
# DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to automatically update without prompting.
# DISABLE_UPDATE_PROMPT="true"

# Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13

# Uncomment the following line if pasting URLs and other text is messed up.
# DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
# ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"

# Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
# COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
# under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
# much, much faster.
# DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
# stamp shown in the history command output.
# You can set one of the optional three formats:
# "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
# or set a custom format using the strftime function format specifications,
# see 'man strftime' for details.
# HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"

# Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
# ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder

# Which plugins would you like to load?
# Standard plugins can be found in $ZSH/plugins/
# Custom plugins may be added to $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/
# Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
# Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
plugins=(git)

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

# User configuration

# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"

# You may need to manually set your language environment
export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=fr_FR.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8

# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
export EDITOR='vim'

# Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"

# Keep 1000 lines of history within the shell and save it to ~/.zsh_history:
HISTSIZE=1000
SAVEHIST=3000
HISTFILE=~/.zsh_history

# Use modern completion system
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit

zstyle ':completion:*' completer _expand _complete _ignored _approximate
zstyle ':completion:*' group-name ''
zstyle ':completion:*' insert-unambiguous true
zstyle ':completion:*' list-colors ''
zstyle ':completion:*' list-prompt %SAt %p: Hit TAB for more, or the character to insert%s
zstyle ':completion:*' matcher-list 'm:{[:lower:]}={[:upper:]}' 'r:|[._- ]=** r:|=**'
zstyle ':completion:*' max-errors 2
zstyle ':completion:*' original true

zstyle ':completion:*' format 'Completing %d'
zstyle ':completion:*' menu select=2
if whence dircolors >/dev/null; then
  eval "$(dircolors -b)"
  zstyle ':completion:*:default' list-colors ${(s.:.)LS_COLORS}
  alias ls='ls --color'
else
  export CLICOLOR=1
  zstyle ':completion:*:default' list-colors ''
fi
zstyle ':completion:*:default' list-colors ${(s.:.)LS_COLORS}

zstyle ':completion:*' menu select=long
zstyle ':completion:*' select-prompt %SScrolling active: current selection at %p%s
zstyle ':completion:*' use-compctl false
zstyle ':completion:*' verbose true

zstyle ':completion:*:*:kill:*:processes' list-colors '=(#b) #([0-9]#)*=0=01;31'
zstyle ':completion:*:kill:*' command 'ps -u $USER -o pid,%cpu,tty,cputime,cmd'

if test -n "${USE_P10K-}"; then
  # To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh.
  [[ ! -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.zsh
fi

Polices d’écriture

Installer la police JetBrains Mono.

Ajouter JetBrains Mono dans VS Code

Dans les paramètres de VS Code, ajouter les lignes suivantes :

"editor.fontFamily": "'JetBrains Mono', Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace",
"terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "'JetBrains Mono'",

D’autres polices :

• Fira Code ('Fira Code')
• Hasklig ('hasklig')
• Monoid ('monoid'monoid)

Volta

Volta permet d’utiliser la bonne version de node par projet, sans installer node en global. Plusieurs versions de node peuvent cohabiter.

Cet outil est similaire à nvm ou n, cependant il est disponible sur tous les OS et est plus simple d’utilisation : pas besoin d’utiliser une commande pour utiliser la bonne version de node.

Installer Volta

# install Volta
curl https://get.volta.sh | bash

# install Node
volta install node

# start using Node
node

Rajouter les lignes suivantes à ~/.zshrc :

export VOLTA_HOME="$HOME/.volta"
export PATH="$VOLTA_HOME/bin:$PATH"

Idéalement, il faut fixer la même version pour l’image Docker utilisée par les scripts CI que celle qui est fixée avec Volta.

Utiliser Volta

Une fois Volta installé, pour fixer la version de Node.js à utiliser pour le projet, il faut lancer la commande suivante dans le dossier où est présent le fichier package.json du projet :

volta pin node@lts

Cette commande fixera la version de Node.js du projet avec la denrière LTS (à l’heure de l’écriture de ce document, la version 18.16.0), et rajoutera les lignes suivantes dans le fichier package.json :

"volta": {
  "node": "18.16.0"
}

Ensuite, pour n’importe quel utilisateur qui a Volta installé, dès qu’il se trouvera dans ce répertoire ou un de ses sous-répertoires, Volta se chargera d’utiliser la version fixée dans le package.json.

GitHub CLI

La CLI GitHub permet de faciliter les interactions avec GitHub depuis le shell.

Installation pour Ubuntu et debian-based :

type -p curl >/dev/null || (sudo apt update && sudo apt install curl -y)
curl -fsSL https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg | sudo dd of=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
&& sudo chmod go+r /usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
&& echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/github-cli.list > /dev/null \
&& sudo apt update \
&& sudo apt install gh -y

Mise à jour :

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gh

Autres distributions : https://github.com/cli/cli/blob/trunk/docs/install_linux.md

Quelques exemple d’utilisation de GitHub CLI

S’authentifier

gh auth login

Installer

gh auth login

Cloner un dépôt

gh repo clone dnum-mi/vue-dsfr

Créer un dépôt

gh repo create

Créer une Pull Request à partir de la branche courante

gh pr create

Créer une Pull Request à partir de la branche courante à fusionner dans la branche develop

gh pr create -B develop

Basculer sur la branche d’une PR

gh pr checkout 321

Créer une issue

gh issue create

pnpm

pnpm est le gestionnaire de paquets du registre npm qu’il est recommandé d’utiliser.

curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -

Si vous n’avez pas curl et que vous avez wget:

wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -

Plus d’informations : https://pnpm.io/installation

Docker desktop

Enregistrement du dépôt

Mettre à jour l’index des packages apt pour permettre à apt d’utiliser un dépôt en HTTPS :

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg

Ajouter la clé officielle Docker

sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

Installer le dépôt

 echo \
  "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Note : Si vous utilisez une distro dérivée de Ubuntu, comme Linux Mint, vous aurez sans doute besoin d’utiliser UBUNTU_CODENAME au lieu de VERSION_CODENAME.

Installer le Docker Engine

Mettre à jour l’index des packages apt :

sudo apt-get update

Installer Docker Engine, containerd, et Docker Compose.

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Vérifier que docker fonctionne en lançant l’image hello-world

sudo docker run hello-world

Vous devriez voir s’afficher le texte suivant :

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
70f5ac315c5a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:926fac19d22aa2d60f1a276b66a20eb765fbeea2db5dbdaafeb456ad8ce81598
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (arm64v8)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Plus d’info : https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

Étapes de post-installation

Il faut maintenant faire en sorte de pouvoir utiliser docker sans utiliser sudo.

Créer le groupe docker

Créer le groupe docker :

 sudo groupadd docker

Ajouter votre utilisateur au groupe docker :

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Quitter la session et rouvrez une nouvelle session pour que votre appartenance au groupe soit prise en compte, ou bien lancez la commande suivante :

newgrp docker

Vérifier que vous pouvez lancer la commande sans sudo :

docker run hello-world

Si vous avez utilisé la CLI Docker avec la commande sudo précédemment, vous verrez peut-être l’erreur suivante :

WARNING: Error loading config file: /home/user/.docker/config.json -
stat /home/user/.docker/config.json: permission denied

Cette erreur indique que les paramètres de permission pour le dossier ~/.docker/ sont incorrects, parce que la commande a été utilisée avec sudo précédemment.

Pour corriger le problème, soit supprimez le dossier ~/.docker/ (il sera recréé automatiquement), ou bien changez les droits sur le dossier :

sudo chown "$USER":"$USER" /home/"$USER"/.docker -R

sudo chmod g+rwx "$HOME/.docker" -R

Plus d’info : https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/